Sunday, October 5, 2014

Ask Dr. BKW: Strategies for challenging behaviors of preschoolers


School has been in session appropriately five (5) weeks and students are adjusting to teachers, classmates, and building at-large toward a successful year.  Prior to the start of school teachers met with parents (guardians) to gain better insight of child’s behaviors.  Also, the teacher has written classroom rules with student’s input, shown them the proper way to use materials through role-playing, but still noticing some students are exhibiting challenging behaviors at a high level. 

Here are some points to consider when dealing with challenging behaviors.

1.      If the student is unable to articulate needs s/he may need to be assessed farther for early intervention specialist(s),

2.      Design of classroom (get on kneels to review arrangement from child’s eye level),

3.      Select assessment tool (e.g., time sampling, anecdotal notes) to record incidents of challenging behaviors acts (e.g., biting, hitting, name calling) to determine specific times, classmates interacting with, list hierarchy action plans and bring in specialist, as needed,

4.      Reinforce prosocial behaviors (e.g., sharing, taking turns) through role-plays and interceding when possible as solution to situations,

5.      Rotate culturally developmentally age appropriate materials,

6.      Plan transitions activities that will cut down wait time,

7.      Display cards of daily schedule to show children sequential order of activities,

8.      Give one or two directives at one given time,

9.      Use positive praise statements

10.  Encourage children to use Five Steps in Problem Solving (a) What is the problem, (b) What can I do? (c) What might happen if … (d) Choose an idea and use it and (e) Is it working?  If not, what can I do not?,

11.  Make eye contact on the child’s level using a stern verbal specify directive.  Have the child repeat the directive to ensure s/he has comprehended the directive,

12.  Relax techniques to calm down such as (a) Count to 10, (b) say the alphabet, (c) take 3 deep breaths, (d) redirect child to sand/water play and (e) pound play dough, clay, etc.,

13.  Periodically remind children of classroom rules and remember to (a) written in positive language, (b) accompany each rule with pictures and (c) have rules posted in centers and circle time,

14.  Use I-Messages.  An I-Message tells the child how you feel about his/her unacceptable behavior demonstrated.  An I-Message should include the following parts:  (a) the child’s behavior, (b) your feelings about the behavior, and (c) the effects of the behavior,

15.  Have signals for children to “Stop” (hand held up), “Think” (pointer finger pointing to head) and “Walk away” (pointer and middle fingers moving back and forth,

16.  Verbally say “Give Me Five.”  The children will stop where they are and (1) ears are open, (2) mouth is closed, (3) eyes on teacher, (4) hands in lap or side, and (5) feet on the floor.  The teacher will talk with the children about what actions were done and consequences,

17.  Set a timer and explain to the child when the timer goes off s/he must have completed the directive given.  Or, teacher will count to a set number for the child to complete the directive.  Then have the child explain to the teacher why action happened,

18.  Bailey (2000) has created the mnemonic process S-T-A-R to assist teachers maintain self-control.  S = smile  T = take a deep breath (inhale)  A = and  R = relax (exhale),

19.  Books can be read and discussed to reinforce appropriate classroom/school behavior such as (a) Just a Little Different by Gina and Mercer Mayer, (b) That Toad is Mine! By Barbara Shook Hazen, (c) Will I have a Friend? By Mirian Cohen, (d) Two Greedy Bears by Mirra Ginsburg, ( e) It wasn’t my Fault by Helen Lester and (f) When Sophie gets angry – really, really, angry by Molly Bang,

20.  Check out the Center on the Social Emotional Foundations for Early Learning (CSEFEL) at http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu , and

21.  Maintain a regular, predictable lesson schedule so children know what to expect.  If schedule is changing talk with children so they are aware.

The above strategies can be used to guide student’s behavior toward positive outcomes.  It is important to have an ongoing system which teachers help students learn to manage their impulses, expression of feelings, solve problems and learn what are acceptable or unacceptable behaviors to becoming productive citizens of society.  As you seek out best practices keep in mind to maintain highly-qualified culturally developmentally age appropriate practices. 

References:

Bailey, B.  (2000). Conscious discipline:  Seven basic skills for brain smart classroom management.  Oriedo, FL:  Loving Guidance.

Center on the Social Emotional Foundations for Early Learning (CSEFEL) http://csefel.vanderbilt.edu 

 

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